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<h1 class="title_blue">Grant Glossary</h1>
<ul class="alphabet">
<li><a href="#A">A</a></li>
<li><a href="#B">B</a></li>
<li><a href="#C">C</a></li>
<li><a href="#D">D</a></li>
<li><a href="#E">E</a></li>
<li><a href="#F">F</a></li>
<li><a href="#G">G</a></li>
<li><a href="#I">I</a></li>
<li><a href="#L">L</a></li>
<li><a href="#M">M</a></li>
<li><a href="#N">N</a></li>
<li><a href="#O">O</a></li>
<li><a href="#P">P</a></li>
<li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li>
<li><a href="#R">R</a></li>
<li><a href="#S">S</a></li>
<li><a href="#T">T</a></li>
<li><a href="#U">U</a></li>
</ul>
<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="A">A</a></p>
<p><b>Adobe Reader: </b>software that allows you to access, read and submit applications in the PDF format preferred by Grants.gov.</p>
<p><b>Applicant:</b>party requesting a grant.</p>
<p><b>Application:</b>the formal document submitted by a potential grantee seeking funds. The application is the most complete presentation of the project and is often the basis for the grant agreement. See also “pre-application,” “grant agreement,” and “letter of inquiry.” </p>
<p><b>Application Package: </b>a group of forms and documents used to apply for a specific grant funding opportunity.</p>
<p><b>Application Package Template</b>: one or more forms and documents which can be reused for multiple opportunity-specific application packages.</p>
<p><b>Assurances:</b>represent requirements found in different federal laws, regulations, and executive orders, that applicants agree to by signature in an application.</p>
<p><b>Attachment:</b>something attached to the proposal to provide additional documentation of the project’s worthiness, such as letters of support or recommendation, survey data, promotional materials, or other items that are too large to put in the grant proposal itself.</p>
<p><b>Audit:</b>an examination of grants records and financial accounts for accuracy and legal compliance which may lead to recommendations for corrective action.</p>
<p><b>Audit (Program): </b>a review of the accomplishments of a grant-funded program by the staff of the funding agency. A program audit may be mandatory or random.</p>
<p><b>Authorization:</b>the legal authority upon which a program or budget is based in government. Expenditures under a government grant have to be authorized under the contract.</p>
<p><b>Authorized Organization Representative (AOR): </b>an AOR submits a grant on behalf of a company, organization, institution, or government. AORs have the authority to sign grant applications and the required certifications and/or assurances that are necessary to fulfill the requirements of the application process.</p>
<p><b>Award:</b>a formal document notifying a grant applicant of the grantor’s approval of its grant funds.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="B">B </a></p>
<p><b>Block Grant: </b>lump sum of money given to a state or local governing agency based on a formula to be spent in generally eligible areas. Purposes are broadly defined and few restrictions are mandated from the funding source. Restrictions can be imposed by the re-granting agency.</p>
<p><b>Budget:</b>a financial plan including descriptions of expected costs for the project, which justifies applicant’s need for funds.</p>
<p><b>Budget Period: </b>the period of time, including start to end dates, into which a proposed project is divided for budget purposes.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="C">C </a></p>
<p><b>Capital Support: </b>funds provided for endowment purposes, buildings, construction, or equipment.</p>
<p><b>Case Statement: </b>a summary of all the reasons, including accomplishments, current activities, and future plans that would encourage support (economic, personal, and public) for the grant applicant. This statement can be important for many large corporate grants.</p>
<p><b>Categorical Grant: </b>a federal grant made under narrow, specific program guidelines that carefully spell out such matters as eligibility requirements, program time frames, and intended beneficiaries.</p>
<p><b>Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA): </b>a publication and database that lists the grants and assistance programs of all federal agencies and gives information about a program’s authorization, fiscal details, guidelines, eligibility requirements, program contacts, applications, and award process. CFDA numbers are required on federal grant application forms.</p>
<p><b>Central Contractor Directory (CCD): </b>central vendor database for the federal government, which stores grant applicant information to verify your identity as a grant applicant.</p>
<p><b>Challenge Grant: </b>a grant that must be matched with money raised by the recipient.</p>
<p><b>Charitable Choice: </b>the requirement that state governments that contract with private sector organizations cannot discriminate against a faith-based social services provider because the provider is religious.</p>
<p><b>Code of Federal Requirements (CFR): </b>a compilation of all final regulations issued by federal agencies, divided by numbered titles.</p>
<p><b>Community Development Block Grant (CDBG ): </b>a federal program administered by Housing and Urban Development (HUD) which provides annual grants on a formula basis to many different types of grantees through several programs. Local nonprofit organizations may find funding grants through this program.</p>
<p><b>Community Foundation: </b>a 501(c)(3) organization that makes grants for charitable purposes in a specific community, region, or affinity. The funds available to a community foundation are usually derived from many donors and held in an endowment that is independently administered. Income earned by the endowment is then used to make grants. Although a community foundation may be classified by the IRS as a private foundation, most are classified as public charities and are thus eligible for maximum tax-deductible contributions from the general public.</p>
<p><b>Company-Sponsored Foundation (also called Corporate Foundation): </b>a private foundation whose assets are derived primarily from the contributions of a for-profit business. While a company-sponsored foundation may maintain close ties with its parent company, it is an independent organization with its own endowment and as such is subject to the same rules and regulations as other private foundations.</p>
<p><b>Competitive Grant: </b>proposal selection process based on evaluation by a reviewer or team of reviewers. Proposals are given scores based on how well they meet stated guidelines. They are ranked and those with the highest scores are generally funded.</p>
<p><b>Concept Paper: </b>contains key elements of a project, including information about the need for the project; the applicant; the target population; description of goals and outcomes; total budget; other partnerships and contributors; and what makes the project remarkable. Concept papers usually do not exceed three pages, including the cover letter.</p>
<p><b>Conditional Grant or Contingency Funding: </b>similar to a matching funds grant, except the grantee must satisfy some condition other than matching funds.</p>
<p><b>Contact Person: </b>the grantor’s representative for the grant program who may also serve as the program administrator or grant officer.</p>
<p><b>Continuation Grant: </b>provides additional funding for budget periods subsequent to the initial budget period.</p>
<p><b>Contract:</b>a formal (legal) agreement by which a funding agency grantor agrees to pay a specified amount to an organization or local government for a task or set of tasks it needs or desires to have performed. Grant contracts are often awarded based on a grant proposal in response to a Request for Proposal (RFP).</p>
<p><b>Contract Compliance: </b>requirements of the contract between the grantor and grantee (grant recipient).The contract may include certain limitations, restrictions, requirements, or standards that the grantee must meet, and it may specify that failure to meet those limitations, requirements, or standards (non-compliance) can result in the grantee’s loss of the entire grant award.</p>
<p><b>Contract Officer (also called Project or Program Officer): </b>a staff member of the funding or grantor organization who is assigned to monitor the fiscal and sometimes programmatic, aspects of grants. They may also be the grantor’s contact person.</p>
<p><b>Contract Opportunity Notice (CON): </b>a public notice issued by a grantor, usually a government agency, stating that it wishes to procure a service. The CON describes the needed service and invites interested groups to submit statements describing their qualifications and experience in the particular field.</p>
<p><b>Corporate Giving Program: </b>a grant-making program established and administered by a profit-making company. Corporate giving is planned as part of the company’s budgeting process and usually is funded with pre-tax income.</p>
<p><b>Cover Letter: </b>often used instead of an executive summary as the first page of a grant proposal. It introduces the grant applicant and grant proposal to a grant reviewer and explains why the applicant is seeking grant funds.</p>
<p><b>Credential Provider: </b>the organization that validates the electronic identity of an individual for Grants.gov.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="D">D </a></p>
<p><b>Data Collection Procedures: </b>
systems established to track project operations so that the project’s effectiveness and efficiency can be analyzed later.</p>
<p><b>Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS): </b>unique nine character number provided by Dunn and Bradstreet (D & B).</p>
<p><b>Deadline:</b>the date and time by which the grantor must receive a grant proposal to consider it for funding. Some deadline dates are mailing dates and need to be confirmed by a postmark or private shipping company date.</p>
<p><b>Deliverables:</b>products or services created by a grant project. They may be quantified achievement such as enrollments, or singular outcomes, such as a curriculum.</p>
<p><b>Demonstration Grant: </b>a grant made to fund an innovative project with the intention of duplicating the project elsewhere.</p>
<p><b>Direct Costs: </b>specific and identifiable costs of operating grant-supported projects such as personnel, travel, equipment purchase and lease, consumable supplies, and rent.</p>
<p><b>Disallowed Costs: </b>costs that a grantor determines to be unallowable, in accordance with applicable cost principles or other terms and conditions as stated in the award contract.</p>
<p><b>Discretionary Grant: </b>a competitive grant program in which the applicant designs the proposal, and the funding agency ranks the proposals received and determines which will receive grant awards; also called competitive grants or project grants.</p>
<p><b>Discretionary Funds: </b>grants allocated according to a grantor’s judgment rather than a pre-established guideline or set of criteria.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="E">E </a></p>
<p><b>e-Application</b>: electronic grant application system (online submission)</p>
<p><b>Earmarked Grant: </b>a grant made to a third party for use by a non-profit organization just getting organized and that has applied for a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. It allows the grantor to meet a contributor’s requirements and still help an organization it wants to support.</p>
<p><b>Endowment:</b>money made available to a foundation by a donor that is then invested to provide funds from which grants are made, taxes paid, and operating expenses met. Financial support kept permanently by an institution and invested to provide income to support programs or operations.</p>
<p><b>Evaluation:</b>a method of monitoring and assessing a funded project to insure its success and assure the grantor that the money has been well spent.</p>
<p><b>Evaluation Criteria: </b>specifications used to determine the worthiness of a grant proposal.</p>
<p><b>Executive Summary (also called an Abstract or Cover letter): </b>a brief summary of the grant proposal.</p>
<p><b>Expiration Date: </b>a date specified in the grant award notification after which expenditures may not be charged against the grant unless to satisfy obligations committed before that date.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="F">F </a></p>
<p><b>Federal Giving Program: </b>a joint-fundraising effort usually administered by an umbrella organization that, in turn, distributes the contributed funds to several nonprofit agencies.</p>
<p><b>Federal Register (FR): </b>a daily compilation of federal regulations and notices including announcements or Request for Proposals (RFP) of grant awards.</p>
<p><b>Fiscal Year: </b>a budget year describing the twelve month period during which money is spent on a grantee’s program. Different grantors may have different start dates for their fiscal year.</p>
<p><b>Formula Grant Program: </b>a non-competitive award based on a predetermined formula set by law, usually a federal or state statute.</p>
<p><b>Foundation:</b>an institution financed by donation or legacy to aid research, education, or the arts.A foundation consists of : (1) an endowment, a donor’s contribution, which is invested to realize an income from which grants are made; and (2) a board or committee that reviews proposals and decides where the money will be placed. There are two general categories of foundations: private foundations (general purpose, special purpose, family, and operating) and public foundations (synonymous with community foundations).</p>
<p><b>Freelancer:</b>a person who pursues a profession, usually in the arts, under no long-term contractual commitments to any one employer or company.They are on their own to find work, negotiate the terms and compensation for that work, and deliver the work to the satisfaction of the paying client. The term freelancer is often used interchangeably with the terms independent contractor, consultant, and vendor.</p>
<p><b>Funding Cycle: </b>the time during which a grantor accepts and awards new proposals. Different grantors have different funding cycles.Also, the schedule of events starting with the announcement of the availability of funds, followed by the deadline for submission of application, review of applications, award of grants and release of funds.</p>
<p><b>Funding Priorities: </b>a means of focusing competition on the areas in which the agency is particularly interested in receiving applications. Priorities take the form of specific kinds of activities that applicants are asked to include in an application to receive preference points in the review process.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="G">G </a></p>
<p><b>General Support (also called Unrestricted Grants): </b>funds that may be used for a broad range of organizational needs including general operating expenses, usually at the discretion of the recipient.</p>
<p><b>Grant:</b>a gift, usually money or land, to an organization for a particular purpose. An award of funds to an organization to perform a specified set of functions for an agreed upon dollar amount in a specified time period. Also, an award of financial assistance by a grantor in the form of money or property. The grant is usually advertised through an RFP. The grantee is required to account for spending the money in the manner specified by the grantor.</p>
<p><b>Grant Period: </b>a period of time from the effective date of a grant through the expiration date.</p>
<p><b>Grant Seeker: </b>a person, school, organization, nonprofit organization, government agency, or other entity applying for the grant.</p>
<p><b>Grants.gov:</b>the federal government’s web portal for electronic collection of federal grant-making agencies.</p>
<p><b>Grants.gov tracking number: </b>a number used by Grants.gov to track every application it receives. </p>
<p><b>Grantee:</b>an entity (grant seeker) that receives the grant. This term is used in applications and instructions.</p>
<p><b>Grantee Financial Report: </b>a report detailing how grant funds were used by a grantee. Many grant makers require grant reports. A financial report generally includes a listing of all expenditures from grant funds as well as an overall organizational financial report covering revenue and expenses, assets and liabilities.</p>
<p><b>Grantor (also called Grantmaker): </b>a government agency, an organization, a foundation, a corporation, or other entity that offers and awards grant funds.</p>
<p><b>Grantsmanship:</b>the knack of knowing where the money is and how to get it.</p>
<p><b>Guidelines:</b>procedures set forth by the grantor that grant seekers must follow when submitting a grant proposal.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="I">I</a></p>
<p><b>Indirect Costs: </b>costs that cover general administrative costs of a project, including such items as rent, utilities, maintenance, depreciation, and custodial services. A budget category that covers general administrative costs such as building rent, maintenance, depreciation, and general local travel. Indirect costs usually are calculated as a flat percentage of either the budget or the personnel category alone.</p>
<p><b>Indirect Cost Rate</b>: a percentage of a grant approved by a federal or state department, that a particular grantee can use to reimburse itself for indirect costs incurred in doing the work of the grant project.</p>
<p><b>In-kind Contributions: </b>non-monetary supplies or other tangible resources or contributions other than money, usually services, facilities, or equipment. Third party in-kind contributions may also be in the form of real property, equipment, supplies, and other expendable property and the value of goods and services directly benefiting and specifically identifiable to the project or program.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="L">L </a></p>
<p><b>Letter of Intent (also called Letter of Inquiry): </b>a grant applicant’s first contact with a prospective grantor. From a grantor, it expresses the grantor’s willingness to commit funds to a project if other conditions are met. From an applicant, a letter of intent should describe the purpose of the request, the applicant’s credentials, and state the amount of funding requested.If the request fits the funder’s priorities, applicants may be asked to submit a full proposal.</p>
<p><b>Letter of Support: </b>written endorsement supporting a grant applicant’s efforts from organizations or individuals who are considered credible in the eyes of the potential grantor.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="M">M </a></p>
<p><b>Mandatory Grant: </b>a grant (or cooperative agreement) awarded under a program where the authorizing statute requires the head of the agency or designee to make an award to each eligible entity under the conditions and in the amount (or based on the formula) specified in the statute.</p>
<p><b>Matching Requirement: </b>grant programs that require applicants to obtain a portion of their total request from other sources to show other, usually local, support for the project.</p>
<p><b>Matching Funds: </b>dollars given to a grantee if it can come up with dollars from other sources. Often the match is expressed in form of a ratio and there are frequently minimum and maximum limits for matching funds. Funds required by a grant program to pay the percentage of project costs not covered by the grant. See also “challenge grant.”</p>
<p><b>Matching Grant: </b>a grant made by one grantor or donor to match those provided by another grantor or donor.</p>
<p><b>Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): </b>an agreement developed and executed among partners relating to their roles in a joint operation.</p>
<p><b>Mini Grant: </b>funding for small projects, usually less than $2,500.</p>
<p><b>Monitoring:</b>a grantor’s review and evaluation of specific aspects of a grantee’s activities under the grant agreement.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="N">N </a></p>
<p><b>Non-profit Organization: </b>an incorporated organization approved and designated by the IRS as not-for-profit for federal tax purposes under Section 501(c)(3) of the federal tax code as a tax-exempt, charitable organization. Only organizations with 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status are eligible for many government and foundation grants. Contributions made to these organizations are tax-deductible. In addition to certain advantages realized by the corporation in return for the nature of its public services, any profit or surplus earned from its services must remain within the corporation (organization) for program improvement, enhancement, or expansion, and not distributed to owners, shareholders, etc. Board members receive no remuneration from the organization’s activities.</p>
<p><b>North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code: </b>a code with a maximum of six digits used to classify business establishments. It will replace the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code.</p>
<p><b>Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA): </b>a term some agencies use for the announcement of a funding competition or Request for Proposal (RFP).</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="O">O </a></p>
<p><b>Office of Management and Budget (OMB): </b>a branch of the federal government that oversees procurement, financial management, and regulatory policies.OMB issues “circulars” (see below) which govern federal grants administration.</p>
<p><b>OMB Circulars: </b>instructions, guidelines, and directions, issued to all federal grant-making programs by the Office of Management and Budget, the supervisor of federal granting activities and source of the Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA).</p>
<p><b>Operating Foundation: </b>a foundation that uses the majority of its funds to conduct research or run programs for the common good.An operating foundation may make a few small grants.</p>
<p><b>Outcomes:</b>the measurable changes and impact that can be expected to occur if the proposed project is funded.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="P">P </a></p>
<p><b>Partnerships:</b>when similar organizations join together to help each other meet their respective goals without making substantial changes in the services they provide.</p>
<p><b>Peer Review: </b>a critical reading of a proposal or contract by reputable practitioners and other experts in the field who are in a position to judge the competence of the applicant and its grant proposal.</p>
<p><b>Personnel:</b>people paid by the grantee with grant funds to carry out the project as described in the grant proposal.</p>
<p><b>Pilot Programs (also called Demonstration Projects): </b>projects that are used as a model for others to follow and, if the project has merit, other funding sources may provide funding for continuation.</p>
<p><b>Point of Contact (POC): </b>an individual who is designated as the person responsible for authorization and maintenance of information on behalf of a grant applicant, usually a non-profit organization. The POC designates and authorizes the AOR to apply for grants on the organization’s behalf. POCs also coordinate communication among organizations.</p>
<p><b>Prior Approval: </b>written approval by an authorized official of the awarding grantor evidencing prior consent.</p>
<p><b>Preliminary Proposal: </b>a brief, early draft of the proposal used to elicit feedback from the prospective grantor so that the proposal may be more closely tailored to the grantor’s expenditures.</p>
<p><b>Program Income: </b>the gross income earned by the recipient that is directly generated by a supported activity or earned as a result of the award.</p>
<p><b>Program Year (PY): </b>the 12-month period from July 1 to June 30 for the state and beginning October 1 and ending September 30 for the federal government.</p>
<p><b>Project Costs: </b>all allowable costs, as set forth in the applicable federal cost principles, incurred by a recipient and the value of the contributions made by third parties in accomplishing the objectives of the award during the project period.</p>
<p><b>Proposal:</b>a description of what you want to do and how you plan to do it. Explain the problem, how you intend to solve it, how much it will cost, and how you will know it works.</p>
<p><b>Purchase of Service Agreement or Contract: </b>a contract that formalizes the relationship between the grantor and the grantee receiving funds.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="Q">Q </a></p>
<p><b>Query Letter: </b>initial correspondence sent by a grant seeker to a potential grantor to determine whether it would be appropriate to submit a full grant proposal.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="R">R </a></p>
<p><b>Real Property: </b>land, including land improvements, structure, and appurtenances thereto, but excludes movable machinery and equipment.</p>
<p><b>Recipient:</b>a person or organization receiving financial assistance from an awarding grantor to carry out a project or program.</p>
<p><b>Replicability:</b>a project requirement of most demonstration grants. Federal and state grantors want to know if the project can be replicated in other places.</p>
<p><b>Request for Application (RFA): </b>
an invitation for grant applications or a formal announcement of an opportunity to apply for a grant.An RFA specifies the requirements for applying for the grant. RFAs are issued by governments and foundations. They are often used in non-competitive grant programs, seeking information from a grantee that usually is entitled to receive funds according to a demographic formula. They have a simpler format than an RFP.</p>
<p><b>Request for Proposals (RFP): </b>
the invitation to provide a proposal on a specific project and is usually distributed through state or regional planning agencies. If you are interested, you respond to the announcement and obtain application forms.</p>
<p><b>Research and Development: </b>activities supported at universities, colleges, hospitals, other nonprofit institutions, and commercial organizations. Research is a systematic study directed toward fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of the subject studied. The term research also includes activities involving training of individuals in research techniques where such activities utilize the same facilities as other research and development activities and where such activities are not included in the instruction function. Development is the systematic use of knowledge and understanding gained from research directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes.</p>
<p><b>Researcher:</b>a grant researcher writes, prepares, and/or searches for grant applications on their behalf, or on behalf of a company, organization, institution, or government, but do not plan to sign the grant application or its associated certifications and assurances.</p>
<p><b>Responsive Proposal: </b>a submission that meets all the mandatory requirements stipulated in the RFP and addresses the legislative intent of the program.</p>
<p><b>Reviewer (also called Peer Reviewer or Field Reviewer)</b>: an individual who serves the grantor by reviewing and scoring a proposal. They are chosen for their subject-area expertise. They serve on a panel or “technical” panel of at least three members.</p>
<p><b>Role Manager: </b>the person listed as the Point of Contact (POC) for a specific grantor agency or sub-agency. This person will receive any email notifications about application submissions, depending on the option selected in the agency’s profile. </p>
<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="S">S</a></p>
<p><b>Seed Funding: </b>start-up funding for a new program or organization which is sometimes renewable.</p>
<p><b>Selection Criteria (Evaluation Criteria): </b>standards by which different components of a proposal are rated and scored to qualify for funding.</p>
<p><b>Set-Asides:</b>funds reserved by a grantor for a specific purpose or project.</p>
<p><b>Solicitation for Grant Application (SGA): </b>a term some agencies use for the announcement of a funding competition or an RFP.</p>
<p><b>Single State Point of Contact (SSPOC): </b>a state contact that a district must use when applying for certain federal grants.</p>
<p><b>Standard Form 424 (SF-424): </b>
a series of forms: standard government-wide grant application forms including: SF-424 (Application for Federal Assistance cover page); SF-424A (Budget Information Non-construction Programs); SF-424B (Assurances Non-construction Programs; SF-424C (Budget Information Construction Programs); and SF-424D (Assurances Construction Programs), plus named attachments including Project Narrative and Budget Narrative.</p>
<p><b>Sub-award:</b>an award of financial assistance in the form of money, or property in lieu of money, made under an award by a recipient to an eligible sub-recipient or by a sub-recipient to a lower tier sub-recipient. The term includes financial assistance when provided by any legal agreement, even if the agreement is called a contract, but does not include procurement of goods and services nor does it include any form of assistance which is excluded from the definition of award.</p>
<p><b>Sub-grant:</b>an award of financial assistance in the form of money or property made under a grant by a grantee to an eligible recipient called a sub-grantee.</p>
<p><b>Sub-recipient:</b>the legal entity to which a sub-award is made and which is accountable to the recipient for the use of the funds provided.</p>
<p><b>Supplies:</b>all personal property, excluding equipment, intangible property, and debt instruments, as defined in this section, and inventions of a contractor conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the performance of work under a funding agreement.</p>
<p><b>Support Services: </b>those functions in an organization that exist to help other, primary functions. </p>
<p><b>Suspension:</b>a post-award action by the awarding agency that temporarily withdraws the agency’s financial assistance sponsorship under an award, pending corrective action by the recipient or pending a decision to terminate the award.</p>
<p><b>System Requirements: </b>computer functionality and programming which is required in order for a specific program to operate.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="T">T </a></p>
<p><b>Target Area: </b>a geographic area, such as a city, neighborhood, county, certain census tracts or schools districts, school service areas.</p>
<p><b>Target Population: </b>the intended beneficiaries of a grant-supported service project, also known as client population.</p>
<p><b>Tax-exempt:</b>a legal status designation by the IRS, which states that organizations have adequately demonstrated their charitable, education, religious, scientific, or literary nature.By far the largest part, but not all, of tax-exempt organizations are non-profit corporations.</p>
<p><b>Technical Assistance: </b>operating or management assistance given to nonprofit organizations. It can include fundraising, budgeting, and financial planning, program planning, legal advice, marketing, and other aids to management.</p>
<p><b>Trading Partner Identification Number (TPIN): </b>the restricted access number assigned by CCR to the main CCR Point of Contact who manages information for the CCR registrant.</p>
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<p style="font:bold 12pt/120% verdana"><a name="U">U </a></p>
<p><b>Un-obligated Balance: </b>the portion of the funds authorized by an awarding agency that has not been obligated by the recipient and is determined by deducting the cumulative obligations from the cumulative funds authorized.</p>
<p><b>User Name: </b>the ID which allows access into specific sections of Grants.gov. It also serves as your electronic signature for grant applications submitted through Grants.gov.</p>
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