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<h1 class="title_blue">Submitting Your Grant Proposal</h1>
<h2><i>The change
to electronic grant submissions has accelerated the process and has
brought it into the 21</i><sup><i>st</i></sup><i> century.</i></h2>
<p>Grant applicants face new and
different requirements as a result of the ever-evolving electronic grant
submission process. Ten years ago, no one could have foreseen
this change on the horizon. However, these changes now challenge
the grant applicants of today, as the Internet has created a new standard
in communication that we must meet in our grant proposals. Each
potential grantor may have separate and distinct current submission
requirements including, but not limited to, the submission of your grant
proposal online.<br />
</p>
<p>In this chapter on submitting
your grant proposal, you will be introduced to changes in the submission
process, and you will be given all the tools you need in order to negotiate
the often rough terrain of the online grants landscape. You will
learn how the new electronic submissions work, which grantors utilize
them, what new forms are mandated, when to apply, and additional tips
that will allow you to master the electronic grant submission process.<br />
</p>
<p>There’s a story about Simon,
a retired resident of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts who typed successful
grant programs by hand for many years. In those days, he had a
choice: he could either submit his grant proposal the old-fashioned
way or online at the grantor’s website. Today, that “traditional”
choice is gone. He has to submit new proposals online, using different
forms and application protocol. I visited Simon recently and informed
him about the new<i> </i>electronic age of <a name="0.1_indexentry6B" id="0.1_indexentry6B"></a>grants.
The <a name="0.1_indexentry6C" id="0.1_indexentry6C"></a>Berkshire Bach Society, the local non-profit
organization he founded more than 15 years ago, was seeking grant funding
again. Its board of directors wanted to hire a full time grant writer.
As I looked over the stacks of forms, proposals, budgets, and letters
to and from those funding agencies, I told Simon how computers and the
I<a name="0.1_indexentry6D" id="0.1_indexentry6D"></a>nternet have become prerequisites for winning
new grant funding. He was surprised. He picked up his phone and called
a friend at the Bach Society. “Times have changed,” his contact
at the Society said, as he stared at the pile of previous grant proposals
on his desk, “We need to hire someone who knows how to use computers
and the Internet.” <br />
</p>
<p>The need to understand the
changing world of grants applies as much to first-time grant seekers
as it does to seasoned grant writers. Grant officers at one federal
agency have described applicants’ use of outdated instructions <i>
as the single greatest cause of grant proposal rejection</i>. As federal
agencies and other <a name="0.1_indexentry6E" id="0.1_indexentry6E"></a>grantors race into the <a name="0.1_indexentry6F" id="0.1_indexentry6F"></a>electronic
age, the importance of knowing each grantor’s <i>current requirements</i>
becomes all the more crucial to the grant submission process.<br />
</p>
<p>Electronic grant submission
requirements vary by grantor and sector. Variations occur when
the grantor is a federal, state or local agency, or a non-government
entity. This inconsistency can be confusing and frustrating for any
grant applicant.<br />
</p>
<h2>Coordinated
Federal Agency Grantors</h2>
<p>Federal government agencies
have spearheaded the movement in electronic grant submissions by accepting
only electronic grant submissions. Federal agencies benefit from
the fact that only one agency coordinates their electronic grants process, <a href="http://www.grants.gov/" target="_blank"><u>www.Grants.gov</u></a>, which was created by the government’s
Office of Management and the <a name="0.1_indexentry70" id="0.1_indexentry70"></a>Budget (OMB).
Non-government grantors do not have such a centralized, coordinated
system and, therefore, are not as organized as the federal government
in this regard.<br />
</p>
<p>Since the federal government
launched Grants.gov, electronic grant proposal submissions have experienced
explosive growth. The best evidence of this growth is the increased
use of <a href="http://www.grnats.gov/" target="_blank"><u>www.Grants.gov</u></a> to apply for more than $400 billion
in federal <a name="0.1_indexentry71" id="0.1_indexentry71"></a>agency grants. In October 2003,
the U.S. Department of Education received the first online grant application
through Grants.gov. Within two years, Grants.gov had received and processed
15,000 grant applications, and ten federal agencies had achieved their
goal for electronic grant submission. The site processed more than
60,000 grant submissions by the end of June 2006, and another 150,000
applications by June 2007, far surpassing its own goals and expectations.
This explosive growth in online grant submissions benefits both grant
applicants and federal agency <a name="0.1_indexentry72" id="0.1_indexentry72"></a>grantors.<br />
</p>
<p>The U.S Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) was an early leader in the electronic application
transition. In a statement that seems prescient today, HUD’s
Secretary said in 2003, “This electronic application process is clearly
how government will do business in the future and . . . HUD is leading
the way.” <br />
</p>
<p>HUD recognized that the electronic
transition would have benefits as well as challenges for grant applicants.
HUD’s Secretary also said, “(We) continue to work with Grants.gov
to reach out to (those) . . . grant applicants experiencing difficulty
adjusting to this new way of doing business so they have the greatest
possible opportunity to access funding.” <br />
</p>
<p>Grants.gov has streamlined <a name="0.1_indexentry73" id="0.1_indexentry73"></a>grants
management and it has centralized grant information and electronic submission
for more than 1,000 federal grant programs. The OMB established
specific <a name="0.1_indexentry74" id="0.1_indexentry74"></a>program objectives and requirements,
and federal agencies are required to post all <a name="0.1_indexentry75" id="0.1_indexentry75"></a>grant
opportunities and 75 percent of their grant application packages, including
required forms, on Grants.gov. <br />
</p>
<p>This coordinated effort has
made federal grantors the most consistent in transitioning to electronic
grant submission. They have set the pace in rapidly changing their
grant policies and procedures. <i>Yet despite this centralization,
each federal agency still has its own procedures, forms, and requirements</i>.<br />
</p>
<p>These changes are illustrated
by the following case study. It shows how the <a name="0.1_indexentry76" id="0.1_indexentry76"></a>National
Institutes for Health (NIH) has dramatically changed the rules for grant
seekers <a name="0.1_indexentry77" id="0.1_indexentry77"></a>applying for its <a name="0.1_indexentry78" id="0.1_indexentry78"></a>grants.<br />
</p>
<h2 style="text-transform:uppercase"><u>Case Study
in Electronic Grant Submissions</u></h2>
<h2>National
Institute of Health Transforms Its Grant Submission Policies</h2>
<p>The National Institute of Health
(NIH) entered the <a name="0.1_indexentry79" id="0.1_indexentry79"></a>electronic age of grants
in August 2005. One year later, the agency described its transition
to electronic submission as a huge change:<br />
</p>
<ul><p><i>“The transition to
electronic submission has been a huge change for NIH and grantees alike.
. . . </i> <br />
</p>
<p><i>Stacks of grant application
packages on paper will soon be a thing of the past at the National Institutes
of Health (NIH) as it readies to receive grant applications
electronically through the federal portal at
<a name="0.1_indexentry7A" id="0.1_indexentry7A"></a>Grants.gov, marking a major change in the
way it has traditionally conducted its grants submission business. .
.</i> <br />
</p>
<p><i>NIH expects to eliminate
approximately 200 million pieces of paper a year and reduce the costs
of scanning, data entry, data validation, printing, and reproduction.
. . . Instead, bits and bytes will be part of the new grant submission
lexicon at NIH as it launches a new state-of-the-art way for applicants
to submit their grant applications electronically.”</i> <br />
</p></ul>
<h2>NIH Introduces a New Application
Form</h2>
<p>NIH replaced its old grant
proposal application form, PHS-398, with a new form SF-424 (R&R)
for electronic submission. All grant applicants submitting electronic
grant proposal applications using Grants.gov must utilize this new form.
All you have to do is fill out the application package and upload it
to <a name="0.1_indexentry7B" id="0.1_indexentry7B"></a>Grants.gov. At that point, NIH retrieves
it and generates an application online.<br />
</p>
<p>You can find form SF-424 (R&R)
“Application and Electronic <a name="0.1_indexentry7C" id="0.1_indexentry7C"></a>Submission
Information for Research and Related” grant proposals and other federal
application forms in the <a name="0.1_indexentry7D" id="0.1_indexentry7D"></a><i>Appendix</i>.</p>
<p>NIH has completed its transition
to electronic forms and processing. <i>All grant applicants must
learn how to use these new procedures as soon as possible. </i></p>
<p>NIH also made guides and other
resources available to help both grant seekers and grantees with electronic
transition. You can read these new publications on the NIH website at <a href="http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt" target="_blank"><u>http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicRe<WBR>ceipt</u></a>.<br />
</p>
<h2> NIH Grant
Submission Policy Changes</h2>
<p>Effective January 2007, the
NIH and three other agencies, the <a name="0.1_indexentry7E" id="0.1_indexentry7E"></a>Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), launched a major policy change that limits the length and amount
of grant proposal Appendix materials that may be submitted with grant
applications. This new policy is intended to
encourage<i> </i>applications to be as concise as possible, while still
providing the information needed for expert scientific review.
Applicants may not use the grant proposal’s appendix to circumvent
the page limitations of the grant proposal’s Research Plan. The complete
“Notice of Policy Change” is included <a name="0.1_indexentry7F" id="0.1_indexentry7F"></a>on
the NIH website.<br />
</p>
<h2> Roles of Electronic Research Administration
and the Commons</h2>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentry80" id="0.1_indexentry80"></a>The
Electronic Research Administration (eRA) and the eRA Commons are at
the heart of NIH’s transition to electronic grant administration and
submission. The eRA Commons is a virtual online meeting place for exchanging
biomedical and behavioral <a name="0.1_indexentry81" id="0.1_indexentry81"></a><a name="0.1_indexentry82" id="0.1_indexentry82"></a>research
information. The eRA reduces NIH’s <a name="0.1_indexentry83" id="0.1_indexentry83"></a>overhead
costs by electronically capturing, managing, and protecting research
grant-related data, and reporting that data to NIH and other communities.
It provides for secure receipt, review and administration of electronic <a name="0.1_indexentry84" id="0.1_indexentry84"></a>grant
proposals. It also provides NIH with effective grant management tools.<br />
</p>
<h2>Preparing
to Apply: Registering Electronically</h2>
<p>Grants.gov has its own registration
system, and all grant applicants must register with Grants.gov in order
to submit their grant proposal(s) using its system. NIH summarizes
these registration requirements in a chart on its website. Organizations
must also establish an eRA Commons account through their Principal Investigators
(PIs).<br />
</p>
<p>Checklists for applying for
NIH grants through eRA Commons and/or Grants.gov, including registration
FAQ, are on the NIH website.<br />
</p>
<h2>Downloading
and Completing a Grant Application Package Using Grants.gov</h2>
<p>Upon the release of an NIH
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), applications may be submitted.
NIH and several other agencies have developed generic “Parent Announcements”
for applicants who want to submit what were previously called “unsolicited”
or investigator-initiated applications. You must use the electronic
application package from Grants.gov. (A table of NIH applications packages
can be found on the NIH website.) <br />
</p>
<p>You can download only the application
package with the term “Version-2-Forms” in the Competition ID field.
(Grants.gov allows NIH to leave this field blank, and NIH completes
it after submission.) <br />
</p>
<p>NIH and other agencies serviced
by eRA Commons want organizations’ Principal Investigators to initiate
all grant applications. The NIH “Guide to Grants and Contracts”
is the applicant’s guide to applying electronically for NIH grants.
An “Apply for Grant Electronically” button in the guide links to
the Grants.gov application package.<br />
</p>
<p>When completing the application,
you can ignore the CFDA field; do not try to enter or change any data
in this field.<br />
</p>
<h2>Submitting Your Grant Application
Electronically Using Grants.gov</h2>
<p>Your first step in the grant
submission process is to select your methodology for submitting your
grant proposal electronically. Your three choices for submitting your
grant proposal to NIH through <a href="http://www.grants.gov/" target="_blank"><u>www.Grants.gov</u></a> are: </p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Forms-based submission:
This method should be utilized as the forms are provided for online
free of charge by <a href="http://www.grants.gov/" target="_blank"><u>www.Grants.gov</u></a>. This is the most common means
of utilizing Grants.gov to submit your application to the National Institute
of Health.</li>
<li>System to System
Transfer of Data: This is intended for organizations that
have existing grants management systems which do not use the same application
forms provided by Grants.gov, but want to submit applications directly
from their system to Grants.gov. However, the integration of
such systems with Grants.gov can be difficult. By utilizing a
third-party system that is already integrated with Grants.gov, the integration
process can be made easier, though some knowledge of system configuration
and digital certificates is required. A service provider can be helpful
in the facilitation of this process. </li>
<li>Utilization of
a Service Provider: A service provider is an established company
that has already developed a system-to-system interface with <a href="http://www.grants.gov/" target="_blank"><u>www.Grants.gov</u></a>. A service provider can submit your
grant proposal on your behalf using Grants.gov. The Service Providers
offer an alternative to Grants.gov’s forms-based approach, as well
as various grant administrative services. Two of these services are
checking for errors based on NIH rules prior to submission, and the
capability of printing your entire application prior to submission.
Learn more about using service providers at <a href="http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/sp.htm" target="_blank"><u>http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicRe<WBR>ceipt/sp.htm</u></a>. </li>
</ul>
<h2>Avoiding
Common Errors in NIH Electronic Submission</h2>
<p>NIH provides a <i>checklist
of common errors to avoid </i>in <a name="0.1_indexentry85" id="0.1_indexentry85"></a>electronic
submission of <a name="0.1_indexentry86" id="0.1_indexentry86"></a>grant proposals. This checklist
includes the following:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>An Invalid or Missing
eRA Commons Username</li>
<li>A Missing Organization
Name for Senior and Key Personnel</li>
<li>PDF Issues</li>
<li>Federal Identifier
Format</li>
</ul>
<p>NIH also offers helpful Frequently
Asked Questions (FAQ) about its electronic submission process. You
can peruse the full FAQ on the NIH website at <a href="http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/resubmission_FAQ.htm" target="_blank"><u>http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicRe<WBR>ceipt/resubmission_FAQ.htm</u></a>.<br />
</p>
<h2><a name="0.1_indexentry87" id="0.1_indexentry87"></a>Correcting
Errors and Warnings on Your Grant application on Grants.gov</h2>
<p>If you fail to fill in all
the required information or have entered incorrect information on your
grant application, you will receive an error message from Grants.gov
into the grant application form fields. <i>You will get it every time
you save your grant application until you complete your grant proposal</i>.
You can<i> </i>ignore the message until you are ready to submit your
proposal. <br />
</p>
<p>If you are ready to submit
your proposal and this message persists, click the “<a name="0.1_indexentry88" id="0.1_indexentry88"></a>Check
Package for Errors” button to find out if there is a problem that
you need to fix before submitting your proposal. <i>If
<a name="0.1_indexentry89" id="0.1_indexentry89"></a>Grants.gov finds any errors, you will see
a message stating the total number of errors found, but with details
only about the first error. If you have several errors, you will have
to fix the first one, and then repeat the
“check package for errors” process until you correct all of them.</i>
See the NIH “Guidelines to Preparing and Submitting Your Grant Proposal
Electronically” section for details.<br />
</p>
<h2>New
<a name="0.1_indexentry8A" id="0.1_indexentry8A"></a>PDF Forms</h2>
<p>Grants.gov website now uses
the Adobe reader software, and PDF reader forms are now available to
you with a free download on the Adobe reader page. There is no
necessity for you to subscribe to a more sophisticated Adobe Reader
package, such as Adobe reader Professional.<br />
</p>
<p>All grant application packages
posted to Grants.gov use <a name="0.1_indexentry8B" id="0.1_indexentry8B"></a><i>Adobe Reader</i>
forms. </p>
<p>Grants.gov also accepts <a name="0.1_indexentry8C" id="0.1_indexentry8C"></a><i>PureEdge </i>
forms submissions, but is in the process of phasing this form from its
system. During the transition time, you can use PureEdge as applicable.
Grants.gov recommends downloading both <i>PureEdge and Adobe Reader</i>
when applying for grants on this site. Grants.gov will only continue
to support and accept <a name="0.1_indexentry8D" id="0.1_indexentry8D"></a>PureEdge-based grant
application packages for a limited time, so plan for and expect this
transition.<br />
</p>
<h2>PDF Attachments</h2>
<p>Another change to the federal
grant submission process is that all federal agency grant applicants
must submit all text attachments to Grants.gov forms as PDF format files.
However, <a name="0.1_indexentry8E" id="0.1_indexentry8E"></a>attachments generated from forms,
such as the “<a name="0.1_indexentry8F" id="0.1_indexentry8F"></a>R&R Sub-Award <a name="0.1_indexentry90" id="0.1_indexentry90"></a>Budget
Attachment Form,” should not be submitted in PDF format. You will
need to create PDF files for that type of submission. (Your basic <a name="0.1_indexentry91" id="0.1_indexentry91"></a>Adobe
Reader software version that you use to read forms on Grants.gov will
only <i>read</i> the PDF form; it will not<i> create</i> one.)<br />
</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentry92" id="0.1_indexentry92"></a>Grants.gov
provides a list of companies that provide downloadable programs that
can generate PDF files. The following list contains some of the
PDF creators available, many of which are free or inexpensive.
The following list includes programs for both PCs and Macs. Vendor
descriptions are current as of this <a name="0.1_indexentry93" id="0.1_indexentry93"></a>writing,
but you should check for more recent updates and current information.<br />
</p>
<p>[Disclaimer: <i>The Grant Authority,</i>
Grant Authority, Inc., the author, and Grants.gov do not endorse or
recommend any particular software or vendor on this list.]</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Adobe: <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobatstd/main.html" target="_blank"><u>http://www.adobe.com/products<WBR>/acrobatstd/main.html</u></a>. Print driver that will work
with any application. (For PC or Mac) </li>
<li>BLC Technologies: <a href="http://www.gohtm.com/" target="_blank"><u>www.gohtm.com</u></a>. Web-based converter. Vendor e-mails
PDF back to you. (For PC or Mac) </li>
<li>Create Adobe
PDF Online: <a href="https://createpdf.adobe.com/index.pl" target="_blank"><u>https://createpdf.adobe.com<WBR>/index.pl</u></a>. Web-based converter. Vendor e-mails
PDF back to you. (For PC or Mac)</li>
<li>Cute PDF: <a href="http://www.cutepdf.com/" target="_blank"><u>www.cutepdf.com</u></a>. Print driver that will work
with any application. (For PC) </li>
<li>Go2PDF: <a href="http://www.go2pdf.com/" target="_blank"><u>www.go2pdf.com</u></a>. Print driver that will work
with any application. (For PC) </li>
<li>PDF995: <a href="http://site4.pdf995.com/" target="_blank"><u>http://site4.pdf995.com</u></a>. Print driver that will work
with any application. (For PC) </li>
<li>PDF Creator: <a href="http://docupub.com/" target="_blank"><u>http://docupub.com</u></a>. Web-based converter. View
the PDF or have it e-mailed back to you. (For PC or Mac) </li>
<li>Win2PDF: <a href="http://www.win2pdf.com/" target="_blank"><u>www.win2pdf.com</u></a>. Print driver that will work
with any application. (For PC) </li>
<li>Zeon Corporation: <a href="http://www.pdfwizard.com/" target="_blank"><u>www.pdfwizard.com</u></a>. Print driver that will work
with any application. (For PC)</li>
</ul>
<p>Grants.gov also advises you
not to use special characters or spaces in file names when saving your
document. Files with special characters (quotes, asterisks, etc.) or
spaces in the title are unrecognizable on some systems.<br />
</p>
<h2><a name="0.1_indexentry94" id="0.1_indexentry94"></a>Grants.gov
Accommodations for Non-Windows Users</h2>
<p>In 2007, the Grants.gov site
provided accommodations for those systems that did not use the Microsoft
Windows operating system. In the past, if you did not have Microsoft’s
Windows operating system you could not download and complete forms.
In 2007, <a name="0.1_indexentry95" id="0.1_indexentry95"></a>Grants.gov made a <a name="0.1_indexentry96" id="0.1_indexentry96"></a>Citrix
server available to enable Macintosh and UNIX users to work with its
system, and provided PDF forms that support Macintosh, UNIX, and Windows
systems.<br />
</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentry97" id="0.1_indexentry97"></a>Special
Edition Mac Viewers for PC are available for download for users who
do not have Windows emulation software, or the Citrix server. Grants.gov
also recognizes the limitations of these programs, including:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Occasional computer
crashes, with the subsequent loss of data that was unsaved.</li>
<li>Inability to run
on PC or Mac OS versions.</li>
<li>No support for the
visually impaired users.</li>
</ul>
<p>Consider these limitations
and warnings and read all of the release notes carefully before using
this software. Grants.gov will provide more information on releases
of this product as it becomes available. You can keep updated
on these developments by checking the
“<a name="0.1_indexentry98" id="0.1_indexentry98"></a>PureEdge Support for Non-Windows Users”
webpage at Grants.gov.</h2>
<h2>NIH and
<a name="0.1_indexentry99" id="0.1_indexentry99"></a><a name="0.1_indexentry9A" id="0.1_indexentry9A"></a>Small Business
Innovative Research (SBIR)/<a name="0.1_indexentry9B" id="0.1_indexentry9B"></a>Small Business
Technology Transfer (STTR) Grants</h2>
<p>In January, 2007, NIH revised
its “<a name="0.1_indexentry9C" id="0.1_indexentry9C"></a>SBIR/STTR Application Guide Version
2,” with updated references to parent Small Business Innovative Research
(<a name="0.1_indexentry9D" id="0.1_indexentry9D"></a>SBIR), and Small Business Technology Transfer
Grants (STTR) funding opportunity announcements. Other revisions included
a new chapter on “Award Guidelines, Reporting Requirements, and Other
Considerations,” and clarification of other policies that apply to
its SBIR/STTR grant programs.<br />
</p>
<p>NIH is just one of a dozen
federal agencies that participate in SBIR and STTR small business grant
programs. All these agencies require electronic submission of
SBIR/STTR grant proposals through <a name="0.1_indexentry9E" id="0.1_indexentry9E"></a>Grants.gov,
including the Departments of Defense (DOD), Commerce (DOC), Agriculture
(USDA), <a name="0.1_indexentry9F" id="0.1_indexentry9F"></a>Transportation (DOT), and the <a name="0.1_indexentryA0" id="0.1_indexentryA0"></a>National <a name="0.1_indexentryA1" id="0.1_indexentryA1"></a>Science
Foundation (NSF). The latest forms and instructions are available on <a href="http://www.grants.gov/" target="_blank"><u>www.Grants.gov</u></a> when you apply for either the SBIR
or STTR grant.<br />
</p>
<h2>Frequently
Asked Questions (FAQ)</h2>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryA2" id="0.1_indexentryA2"></a>
Some of the more frequently asked questions in regard to electronic
grant submissions are as follows: <br />
</p>
<p><b>Q: NIH and Grants.gov seem
to use different terminology for application type.
How do I know which term is correct for my situation?</b></p>
<p>A:
<a name="0.1_indexentryA3" id="0.1_indexentryA3"></a>Grants.gov has created new terminology for
the Type of Application field of the SF-424 (R&R) Cover Component
(box #8). NIH is changing all of its materials to correctly reflect
the new terminology. <br />
</p>
<p><b>Q: What do I put in the
Federal Identifier field of the SF-424 (R&R) cover component?</b></p>
<p>A: If “Type of Application”
is “New,” you can leave the Federal Identifier field blank on your
first submission attempt. However, the Federal Identifier field becomes
a required field when submitting a “Changed” or “Corrected”
application to address errors or warnings. When submitting a Changed
or Corrected “New” application, enter the <a name="0.1_indexentryA4" id="0.1_indexentryA4"></a>Grants.gov
tracking number of the previous submission attempt (e.g. GRANT00123456).
If you are unable to find the tracking number enter “N/A.”
If the “Type of Application” is “renewal,” “revisions,”
or “resubmission,” enter the NIH Institute and Centers (IC) and
serial number of the prior application/award number (e.g. CA123456).
For these types of applications, do not change the Federal Identifier
field when submitting changed or corrected applications.<br />
</p>
<p><b>Q: When re-submitting an
application to address errors or warnings, how do I indicate on the
form that the current submission supersedes the previous one?</b></p>
<p>A: On the SF-424 (R&R)
cover component, Box #1, “Type of <a name="0.1_indexentryA5" id="0.1_indexentryA5"></a>Submission”
should be set to “Application” on the initial application submission.
Box #1 should be set to “Changed/Corrected” for all subsequent submissions
of the same application to address errors or warnings. “Type
of Application,” Box #8, remains the same from one submission attempt
to the next within the same receipt deadline. See the section of the
application guide titled “Correcting Errors” for more information. <br />
</p>
<h2>Foundation
and other Non-Government Grants</h2>
<p>Non-government <a name="0.1_indexentryA6" id="0.1_indexentryA6"></a>grantors
have not kept pace with the federal government’s transition to electronic
grant submission. Progress toward electronic transmission among
these <a name="0.1_indexentryA7" id="0.1_indexentryA7"></a>grantors has been inconsistent, scattered,
and inadequate to meet the needs of grant applicants. The non-government
grantors utilize their websites to post their grant offerings, and send
out their press releases to various other websites, such as the Foundation
Center.<br />
</p>
<p>In a 2003 article, <a name="0.1_indexentryA8" id="0.1_indexentryA8"></a>“Grantmaking’s
Looming Digital Divide,” Joseph G. Perpich reported that fewer than
2,500 out of 60,000 foundations listed by the Foundation Center had
adopted commercial electronic grantmaking <a name="0.1_indexentryA9" id="0.1_indexentryA9"></a>technology.
He warned that:<br />
</p>
<ul><p><i>“Web-based grant-making
is the wave of the future - and federal funders are riding the wave.
The philanthropic sector can not afford to be left behind in this.”</i> <br />
</p></ul>
<p>(Source: Joseph G. Perpich,
Foundation News and Commentary, © 2003 Joseph G. Perpich) <br />
</p>
<p>Perpich recognized that grantees
are not the only ones trying to do more with less. Grantors are doing
the same because of the high costs each grantor must absorb in order
to develop its own electronic grant submission system. However, he
also described how various regional associations of grantmakers had
already gone online with searchable grantor <a name="0.1_indexentryAA" id="0.1_indexentryAA"></a>databases
and common application forms.<br />
</p>
<p>“Online or off,” Perpich
said, “there is the same critical ingredient - that grantmakers come
together and relinquish some personal preferences, toward a better system
for all. . . Ideally, the result would not only be a common system among
the private grantmakers, but one compatible with federal systems as
well . . . <i>it is essential for user acceptance that private [<a name="0.1_indexentryAB" id="0.1_indexentryAB"></a>grantors]
achieve consistency with the federal format, as many private foundation
applicants will submit alternative applications to federal agencies</i>”
(emphasis added).<br />
</p>
<p>It is important to recognize
the major costs in terms of both money and time involved in the transformation
and implementation of an electronic <a name="0.1_indexentryAC" id="0.1_indexentryAC"></a>grants
administration system. Implementing an online grant submission system
similar to <a name="0.1_indexentryAD" id="0.1_indexentryAD"></a>Grants.gov can take years to develop.
This makes those organizations that have devoted their <a name="0.1_indexentryAE" id="0.1_indexentryAE"></a>resources
to “going electronic” all the more praiseworthy.<br />
</p>
<h2>Non-Federal
Grantors Using Electronic <a name="0.1_indexentryAF" id="0.1_indexentryAF"></a>Submission</h2>
<p>The <a name="0.1_indexentryB0" id="0.1_indexentryB0"></a><a name="0.1_indexentryB1" id="0.1_indexentryB1"></a>American
Heart Association (AHA) is a good example of a national non-profit organization
that has implemented Internet-based electronic grant programs by using
a staged approach in the following areas:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Grant application
preparation and submission. </li>
<li>Application assignment
and review.</li>
<li>E-mail notification</li>
<li>Post-award communications</li>
<li>Financial reporting</li>
<li>Other aspects of
electronic grant administration </li>
</ul>
<p>The AHA used this incremental
approach to enter the electronic age of grants in an affordable way.<br />
</p>
<h2>Names of
Non-government Organizations Utilizing Electronic Grant Submission</h2>
<p>The following is a list of
organizations and <a name="0.1_indexentryB2" id="0.1_indexentryB2"></a>foundations that have joined
the <a name="0.1_indexentryB3" id="0.1_indexentryB3"></a>electronic age of grants by providing
electronic grant submission and, in many cases, other aspects of electronic
grant administration. This list is certainly not complete. There may
be many other organizations whose names could and should be added.
However, its short size does reflect the relatively slower pace of progress
toward electronic submission in this sector, or perhaps the “slow-but-sure”
trend of non-profit associations, foundations, and other non-government
grantors toward using the Internet to assist both grant seekers and
themselves as grantors.<br />
</p>
<ul><p><a name="0.1_indexentryB4" id="0.1_indexentryB4"></a>Alliance
for Cancer Gene Therapy</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryB5" id="0.1_indexentryB5"></a>Alliance
for Lupus Research</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryB6" id="0.1_indexentryB6"></a>Alzheimer’s
Association</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryB7" id="0.1_indexentryB7"></a>American
Association for Cancer Research</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryB8" id="0.1_indexentryB8"></a>American
Cancer Society</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryB9" id="0.1_indexentryB9"></a>American
Diabetes Foundation </p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryBA" id="0.1_indexentryBA"></a>American
Heart Association </p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryBB" id="0.1_indexentryBB"></a>American
Lung Association</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryBC" id="0.1_indexentryBC"></a>Arthritis
Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryBD" id="0.1_indexentryBD"></a>Burroughs
Welcome Fund</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryBE" id="0.1_indexentryBE"></a>Cancer
Research and Prevention Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryBF" id="0.1_indexentryBF"></a>California
Breast Cancer Research Program</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC0" id="0.1_indexentryC0"></a>Cancer
Research Foundation of America</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC1" id="0.1_indexentryC1"></a>Concern
Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC2" id="0.1_indexentryC2"></a>Craig
H. Nielsen Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC3" id="0.1_indexentryC3"></a>Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC4" id="0.1_indexentryC4"></a>Dreyfus
Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC5" id="0.1_indexentryC5"></a>Food
Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC6" id="0.1_indexentryC6"></a>Foundation
for Digestive Health and Nutrition</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC7" id="0.1_indexentryC7"></a>Juvenile
Diabetes Research Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC8" id="0.1_indexentryC8"></a>Knight
Foundation </p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryC9" id="0.1_indexentryC9"></a>Lance
Armstrong Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryCA" id="0.1_indexentryCA"></a>Muscular
Dystrophy Association</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryCB" id="0.1_indexentryCB"></a>Multiple
Myeloma Research Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryCC" id="0.1_indexentryCC"></a>National
Multiple Sclerosis Society</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryCD" id="0.1_indexentryCD"></a>National
Alliance for Autism Research</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryCE" id="0.1_indexentryCE"></a>Paralyzed
Veterans of America</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryCF" id="0.1_indexentryCF"></a>Susan
G. Kormen Breast Cancer Foundation</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryD0" id="0.1_indexentryD0"></a>State
of New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryD1" id="0.1_indexentryD1"></a>Tobacco
Related Disease Research Program</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryD2" id="0.1_indexentryD2"></a>University
Wide AIDS Research Program</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryD3" id="0.1_indexentryD3"></a>USIDnet</p>
<p><a name="0.1_indexentryD4" id="0.1_indexentryD4"></a>Walther
Cancer Institute</p></ul></br>
<p>There is no doubt that electronic
grant submission process has streamlined and modernized the methodology
of the system, and that it is in the best interest of both the
grantors and the applicants that all non-government grantors adopt this
system as soon as possible. </p>
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